IB Physics Formula Sheet

One of the four SUVAT equations for constant acceleration. Choose the equation that connects the three known quantities.

Net force equals mass times acceleration. In IB, always work with net (resultant) force.

Force times displacement times the cosine of the angle between them. When θ = 0, it simplifies to W = Fs.

Derivable from the work-energy theorem. Frequently combined with GPE in conservation problems.

Change in potential energy near Earth's surface. For orbital mechanics, use E = −GMm/r.

Universal wave equation. Speed depends on the medium, not on frequency.

Power per unit area, measured in W/m². Intensity follows the inverse square law for point sources.

Relates angles of incidence and refraction. When light goes from dense to less dense medium, total internal reflection can occur.

Only valid for ohmic conductors at constant temperature. Use V-I graphs to identify non-ohmic behaviour.

Three equivalent forms. Choose based on which quantities you know.

Total EMF equals current times total resistance (external R plus internal resistance r).

Energy required to change temperature. c is the specific heat capacity, unique to each substance.

Pressure × volume = moles × gas constant × temperature (in kelvin). R = 8.31 J/(mol·K).